A Texas state court has ruled that a judge may decline to perform same-sex marriages based on sincerely held religious beliefs, a closely watched decision at the intersection of judicial ethics, equal-treatment principles, and religious-liberty protections. The case stems from disciplinary action against Justice of the Peace Dianne Hensley, who challenged a public warning issued by the Texas Commission on Judicial Conduct after she said she would not officiate same-sex weddings.

For court watchers, the dispute has long been about more than one judge’s wedding calendar.