`IPR2024-01091 | Smith EX2004 | Page 1 of 3
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`IPR2024-01091 | Smith EX2004 | Page 1 of 3
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`Copyright © 2004 by Merriam-Webster, Incorporated
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`Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
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`Merriam-Webster’s collegiate dictionary. — Eleventh ed.
`p.
`cm.
`Includes index.
`ISBN 0-87779-807-9 (Laminated unindexed : alk. paper). — ISBN 0-87779-
`808-7 (Jacketed hardcover unindexed: alk. paper). — ISBN 0-87779-809-5 (Jacket-
`ed hardcover with CD-ROM: alk. paper). — ISBN 0-87779-810-9 (Leatherlook
`with CD-ROM: alk. paper). — 0-87779-813-3 (Canadian). — 0-87779-814-1 (inter-
`national).
`1. English language—Dictionaries.
`Merriam-Webster,Inc.
`PE1628.M36
`2003
`423—dc21
`
`I. Title: Collegiate dictionary.
`
`II.
`
`2003003674
`CIP
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`Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate® Dictionary, Eleventh Edition, principal copyright
`2003
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`COLLEGIATE is a registered trademark of Merriam-Webster, Incorporated
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`All rights reserved. No part of this book covered. by the copyrights hereon may be
`reproduced or copied in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or
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`Madein the United States of America
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`3456TT:QWV04
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`388
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`durable press e DV
`
`durable press 7m (1966) : PERMANENT PRESS
`dusty \'das-té\ adj dust-i-er; -est (13c)
`1
`: covered or abounding
`with dust 2: consisting of dust: POWDERY 3: resembling dust 4
`du-ra-bles \'dur-o-balz also 'dyur-\ n pi (1941) : consumer goods (as ve-
`: lacking vitality : DRY <~ scholarship) 5 Brit : UNSATISFACTORY —
`hicles and household appliances) that are typically used repeatedly
`used esp. in the phrases dusty answer and not so dusty — dust-i-ly
`over a period of years — called also durable
`\'das-ta-lé\ adv — dust-i-ness \-té-nos\ n
`du-ral-u-min \du-'ral-ya-mon also dyu-\ n [fr. Duralumin, a trademark]
`(1910) : a light strong alloy of aluminum, copper, manganese, and mag-
`dusty miller n (ca. 1825) : any of several plants having ashy-gray or
`nesium
`white tomentose leaves; esp : an herbaceous artemisia (Artemisia stelle-
`du-ra ma-ter \'dur-o-,ma-tor, ‘dyur-, -yma-\ m [ME, fr. ML,lit., hard
`ae with grayish foliage found esp. along the eastern coast of the
`nome (14c) : the tough fibrous membrane that envelops the brain
`spinal cord external to the arachnoid and pia mater
`dutch \'doch\ adv, often cap (1914) : with each person paying his or her
`durance \'dur-an(t)s also 'dyur-\ n [ME, duration, fr. AF, fr. durer to
`1,078 Way <went ~ to the movies>
`Dutch \idach\ adj (ME Duch,fr. MD duutsch; akin to OHG diutisc Ger-
`last fr. L durare)(15c)
`1 archaic: ENDURANCE 2: restraint by or as
`man, OE théod nation, Goth thiudisko as a gentile, thiuda people, Os-
`if by physical force — usu. used in the phrasedurancevile
`can fouto city] (14c)
`q a archaic : of, relating to, or in any of the Ger-
`du-ra-tion \dd-ra-shan also dyu-\n (14c) 1: continuance in time 2
`: the time during which something exists or lasts
`manic languages of Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and the Low Coun-
`du-ractive \dur-a-tiv, 'dydr-\ adj (1889) : CONTINUATIVE — durative
`tries b : of, relating to, or in the Dutch of the Netherlands 2 a
`archaic : of or relating to the Germanic peoples of Germany, Austria,
`dur-ber \'dor-,bar, ,dor-"\ nm [Hindi & Urda darbdr, fr. Pers, fr. dar door
`Switzerland, and the Low Countries b : of or relating to the Nether-
`+ bar admission, audience] (1609) 1: court held by an Indian prince
`lands or its inhabitants C:*GERMAN 3: of ororrelating to the Penn-
`sylvania Dutchor their language — Dutch-ly
`2; « formal reception hele Gy on Eadien prince oc an Afticun ruler
`2Dutch nm (14c)
`1 a archaic
`(1): any of the Cormanic languages of
`durress \du-'res also dyu-\ n [ME duresse, fr. AF duresce hardness, se-
`Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and the Low Countries
`(2): GERMAN
`verity, fr. L duritia, fr. durus](15c) 1: forcible roctratat or restriction
`2 : compulsion
`reat; specif : unlawful co!
`\'dor-om, ‘do-ram,
`'dur-om\ m [County ‘Durham, England]
`3b: the Germanic language of the Netherlands and Belgium 2
`Dutch pi
`a archaic : the Germanic peoples of Germany, Austria,
`(1810) : SHORTHORN
`Switzerland, and the Low Countries b: GERMANS 2a,b Cc: the peo-
`Rule nm [Monte Durham, 20th cent. Am.litigant] (1955) : a le-
`ple of the Netherlands 3: PENNSYLVANIA DUTCH 4 : DANDER <her
`gal hypothesis under which a person is not judged responsible for a
`~ is upp 5 : DISFAVOR, TROUBLE <in ~ with the boss>
`criminal act that is attributed to a mental disease or defect
`Dutch
`n (1828) chiefly Northern ; COTTAGE CHEESE
`du-ri-an \'dur-é-on, -é-,’in also 'dyur-\ n [Malay] (1588) 1: a large oval
`Dutch clover n (1765) : WHITE CLOVER
`tasty but foul-smelling fruit with a prickly rind 2: an East Indian tree
`Dutch Colonialadj (1922) : characterized by a gambre] roof with over-
`(Durio zibethinus) of the silk-cotton family that bears durians
`ing eaves
`dur-ing \'dur-in also ‘dyir-\ prep [ME,fr. prp. of duren to last, fr. AF
`courage n (1807) : courageartificially stimulated esp. by drink;
`,
`fr. L durare to harden, endure,last, fr. durus hard; perh. akin to
`also : drink taken for courage
`ddru wood — more at TREE] (14c) 1: throughout the duration of
`Dutch door n (ca. 1890) : a door divided horizontally so that the lower
`<swims every day ~ the summer) 2: at a point in the course of (was
`ropret part can be shutseparately
`offered a job ~avisit to the capital>
`im disease n (1927) : a disease of elms caused by an ascomy-
`dur-mast oak\'dor-,mast-\ m [perh. alter. of dun mast, fr. ‘dun + mast]
`cetous fi
`(Ceratocystis ulmi) and characterized by yellowing of the
`(1791) : a European oak (Quercus petraea) valued esp. for its dark
`foliage, defoliation, and death
`heavy to
`elastic wood and forits tannin-rich bark
`Dutch hoe n (ca. 1750) : SCUFFLE HOE
`durn var of DARN
`dutch-man\'dech-man\ 7 (14c)
`1 cap a archaic : a memberof any
`du-ro \idur-(,)8\ n, pi duros [Sp, short for peso duro hard peso] (1832)
`of the Germanic peoples of Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and the
`a Spanish or Spanish American peso orsilver dollar
`Low Countries b : a native or inhabitant of the Netherlands c:a
`duseo \'dur-,ak also ‘dyur-\ n, often cap [Duroc, 19th cent. Am.stal-
`person of Dutch descent d: GERMAN 2a,b 2:adevice for hiding or
`lion] (1883) : any of a breed of large vigorous red American hogs
`du-rom-e-ter \du-'ri-mo-tor also dya-\ n (L durus hard] (ca. 1879): an
`counteracting structural defects
`Dutch-man’s—breech-es \,dach-manz-"bri-choz\ n pi but sing or pil in
`instrument for measuring hardn
`dur-ra also du-ra \idiir-an {Ar dhura} (1798) : any of several grain sor-
`constr (1837) : a spring-flowering herb (Dicentra cucullaria) of the
`fumitory family occurring in the eastern U.S. and having finely divided
`ums widely grown in warm dry regions
`leaves and cream-white double-spurred flowers
`lurst \'dorst\ archaic & dial past of DARE
`Dutchman’s-pipe \-'pip\ 7, p/
`Dutchman’s—
`du-rum wheat\'dur-om-, 'dyur-, 'dar-am-, 'da-ram-\ m [NL durum,fr.
`pipes \-"pips\ (1845) : a vine (Aristolochia du-
`L, aout.of¢of tend hard] (ca. 1503) :: a wheat(Triticurn durum)that yields
`rior syn. A. macrophylla) of the birthwort fam-
`’ a glutenous flour used esp. in pasta — called also durum
`ily with large leaves and early summerflowers
`dusk \'dask\ adj [ME dosk, alter. of OE dox; akin to L fuscus dark
`having the oe of the calyx curved like the
`brown, OE dunn dun,diist dust) (13c) : DUSKY
`bowlofa p'
`Dutch cuntan (1769) 1: a metal shield for
`2dusk vi (13c) : to become dark ~ vt : to make dark or poomy
`Sdusk n (1622) 1: the darkerpart of twilight esp. at night 2: darkness
`roasting before an open fire 2: a brick oven
`orsemidarknesscausedby the west3out oflight
`in which cooking is done by the preheated
`dusky \‘dos-ké\ adj dusk-i-er; -est (1558)
`1 : somewhat dark in col-
`walls 3a: a cast-iron kettle with a tight cov-
`or; specif : having dark skin
`: marked by‘slight or deficient light
`1,2 SHADOWY se dusk-i-ly Nola ady — dusk-l-ness \-ké-nas\ n
`er that is used for baking in an open fire b:a
`heavy pot with a tight-fitting domed cover
`dust \'dast\ [ME, fr. OE diist; akin to OHG tunst storm, and prob. to L
`Dutch roll m (1916) : a combination of direc-
`Sumus smoke — more at FUME] (bef. 12c) 1: fine particles of matter
`tional and lateral oscillation of an airplane
`(as of earth) 2: the particles into which something disintegrates 3a
`1dutch treat , often cap D (1887) : a meal or other entertainment for
`: something worthless b : a state of humiliation 4 a: the earth esp.
`which each person pays his or her own way
`asa place of burial b : the surface of the
`und 5 a: a cloud of
`2dutchtreat adv, often cap D (1942) : DUTCH <go dutch treat)
`
`
`dust b : CONFUSION, DISTURBANCE6arc; a single particle (as
`Dutch uncle nm (1837) : one who admonishessternly and bluntly
`of earth) 7 Brit : refuse ready for collection — dust:less \-las\ adj —
`cutocus\'dii-té-as also ‘dyii-\ adj [irreg. fr. duty]
`(1592) : DUTIFUL,
`OBED!
`dust-like \-,lik\ adj
`du-ti-able’\'dii-té-o-bal also 'dyii-\ adj (1770) : subject to a duty
`“dust w (1530)
`1 archaic : to make dusty 2: to makefree of dust <~
`the living room> 3 a : to sprinkle with fine particles <a cake ~ed
`du-ti-ful \'dii-ti-fol also 'dyii-\ adj (1552)
`1: filled with or motivated
`with sugar> b: to sprinkle in the form of dust 4: to throw a fastball
`by a sense of duty <a ~~ child> 2:
`roceeding from or expressive of a
`close to (a batter) : BRUSH BACK — often used with off 5 : to defeat
`sense of duty <a ~ effort) — du-ti-ful-ly \-f(o-)lé\ adv — du-ti-ful-
`badly(asinarace)~ vi
`1 ofa bird : to work dust into the feathers 2
`ness \-fal-nas\ 7
`move dust 3: to give off dust
`dust-bin\bin\'deatt)bia n (1848)
`1 Brit : a can for trash or garbage 2
`‘du-ty \'dii-té also ‘dyii-\ n, pl duties [ME duete, fr. AF deueté, dueté, fr.
`deu due] (13c) 1: conduct due to parents and superiors : RESPECT 2
`dustbowlsn i936) : a region that suffers from prolonged droughts and
`a: obligatory tasks, conduct, service, or functions that arise from one’s
`position (as in life or in a group) b (1) : assigned service or business
`dust storms
`(2) : active military service
`(3): a period of being on duty Ja:a
`dust bunny 7 (1966) : an aggregate of dust <swept the dust bunnies
`moral or legal obligation b: the force of moral obligation 4 : TAX;
`from under the bed
`esp:ataxonimports 5a: WORK la_ b (1): the service required (as
`dust-cov-er \-,ko-vor\ m (1899) 1: a cover(as of cloth or plastic) used
`of an electric machine) under specified conditions (2): functional ap-
`to protect furniture or equi)
`nt from dust 2 : DUST JACKET
`dust devil m (1888) : a small whirlwind containing sand or dust
`plication : USE <got double ~ out of the trip)
`(3) : use as a substitute
`<making the word a,-~ for the
`thing —Edward Sapir>
`syn see
`FUNCTION, TASK — Off duty : free from assignment or responsibility
`dust-er \'das-tor\ 7 (1576) 1: one aes oes — 2a0: a long
`lightweight ove
`ent to protect clothing from dust
`a lo
`— on duty: engaged in or responsible for an assigned task or duty
`coat cut like a dust‘er — called also duster coat b: a dress-le
`
`housecoat : one=that scatters fine particles; specif: a device for ap-
`2duty adj (1806) 1: done asa duty 2: being on duty : assigned to
`vinginsecticidal or fungicidal dusts tocrops 4: DUSTSTORM
`specified tasks or functions <the ~ officer>
`dust.
`\'dast-,(h)ép\n (1599) 1:apile ofrefuse 2: a category of
`duty-free \,dii-té-"fré, dyii-, 'dii-té-,\ adj or adv (1689)
`1 : without
`payment of customs duties : free from duties <imported ~> <~
`items <the ~ of history —New Republic)
`dust jacket n (1926) : a paper cover for a book
`oods> 2: relating to or selling
`duty-free goods <a ~ shop>
`jueum-vir \du-"om-vor also dyu-\ n [L, fr. duu(gen. of duo two) + vir
`dust-man \'das(t)-man\ (1707)Brit : a collector of trash or
`man] (1600) 1: one of two Roman officers or magistrates constituting
`dust mite
`(1969) : any of various mites (esp. family Pyr
`a board or court 2: one of two people jointly holding power — du-
`commonly found in house dust — compare HOUSE-DUST MITE
`um-vi-rate \-vo-rot\ n
`dust mop7 (1953) : DRY MOP
`du-vet \d(y)ii-'va, 'd(y)ii-,\ n [F] (1758) : COMFORTER 2b
`dustoff vt (1940) : to bring out or back to use again <dusted off his golf
`clubs when he retired
`duve-tyn \'dii-vo-,tén, 'dyii-, "dov-,tén\ m [F duvetine, fr. duvet down,fr.
`MF,alter. of *dumert, dim. of OF dun, dum down, fr. ON diainn — more
`quetcan \idoott)pen n (1783) : a shovel-shaped pan for sweepings
`at Down] (1913) : a smooth lustrous velvety fabric
`dust storm n (
`1: a dust-laden whirlwind that moves across an
`les \,diik-'sel, (di-"sel\ n [Louis Chalon du Blé, Marquis
`wUselles +1658 Fr. nobleman] (1877) : a garnish or stuffing made esp.
`arid region and is usu. associated with hot dry air and marked by high
`electrical tension 2 : strong winds bearing clouds of dust
`of finely chopped sautéed mushrooms
`dust-up \‘dast-,ap\ 7 (1897) : ROW, FIGHT
`DV abbr
`1 [L Deo volente] God willing 2 Douay Version Page 3 of 3
`dust wrapper nm (1932) : DUST JACKET
`
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`Dutchman’s-pipe
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`age
`ihidae)
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