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`UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`_____________
`
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`_____________
`
`GOOGLE LLC,
`Petitioner,
`
`v.
`
`SECURE COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES, LLC,
`Patent Owner.
`_____________
`
`Case No. IPR2025-01182
`Patent No. 11,443,344
`_____________
`
`PETITION FOR INTER PARTES REVIEW
`UNDER 35 U.S.C. §§ 311-319 AND 37 C.F.R. § 42.1 et seq
`
`
`
`

`

`
`
`TABLE OF CONTENTS
`
`INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 1
`I.
`II. STANDING CERTIFICATION ........................................................................ 6
`III. UNPATENTABILITY GROUNDS .................................................................. 6
`IV. ’344 PATENT .................................................................................................... 7
`A. Background .................................................................................................. 7
`B. Prosecution History ..................................................................................... 9
`C. POSITA ..................................................................................................... 10
`V. CLAIM INTERPRETATION ......................................................................... 10
`VI. GROUND 1: EAGLE IN VIEW OF BEHRENS AND OLKKONEN
`RENDERS OBVIOUS THE CHALLENGED CLAIMS ............................... 10
`A. Eagle (EX1005) ......................................................................................... 10
`B. Behrens (EX1006) ..................................................................................... 12
`C. Olkkonen (EX1007) .................................................................................. 13
`D. Eagle in view of Behrens, in further view of Olkkonen ............................ 14
`1. Receiving different identifying information from the same
`device ................................................................................................... 17
`2. Filtering beacon service identifiers ..................................................... 20
`3. Actions ................................................................................................. 25
`E. Mapping to Challenged Claims ................................................................. 28
`1. Claim 1 ................................................................................................ 28
`a. [1.PRE] “A method comprising:” ............................................... 28
`b. [1.A.I] “receiving, at a wireless device, via a short range
`wireless protocol, a first plurality of beacon transmissions,
`each beacon transmission comprising three fields” .................... 29
`c. [1.A.II] “(a) a MAC address,” .................................................... 32
`d. [1.A.III] “(b) a unique identifier, wherein the unique
`identifier of each respective beacon transmission does not
`directly identify a location of a beacon transmitter, and” ........... 34
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`- 1 -
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`
`i.
`
`j.
`
`f.
`
`e. [1.A.IV] “(c) a beacon service identifier, wherein the
`beacon service identifier of each respective beacon
`transmission identifies a wireless beacon service as
`opposed to identifying a communication network or a
`device accessible using the short range wireless protocol,” ....... 35
`[1.B.I] “receiving, at the wireless device via a second
`wireless protocol, stored information from one or more
`servers,” ....................................................................................... 37
`g. [1.B.II] “the stored information relating to a particular
`entity or object associated with a first unique identifier,
`and” ............................................................................................. 39
`h. [1.B.III] “wherein the second wireless protocol is different
`from the short range wireless protocol;” ..................................... 39
`[1.C] “causing selection of one or more of the unique
`identifiers from the first plurality of beacon transmissions,
`by filtering the beacon transmissions which include a
`particular beacon service identifier indicating that a
`particular received beacon transmission is associated with
`a particular wireless beacon service; and” .................................. 40
`[1.D] “taking first further action relating to the stored
`information, if the first unique identifier is present among
`the selected one or more unique identifiers.” ............................. 41
`2. Claim 2 ................................................................................................ 42
`a. [2.PRE] “The method of claim 1, wherein the receiving, at
`the wireless device, via a short range wireless protocol, of
`the first plurality of beacon transmissions occurs in a first
`time period, and” ......................................................................... 42
`b. [2.A] “wherein the method further comprises, during a
`second time period:” ................................................................... 43
`c. [2.B.I] “receiving, at the wireless device, via a short range
`wireless protocol, a second plurality of beacon
`transmissions, each of the second plurality of beacon
`transmissions comprising three fields” ....................................... 44
`d. [2.B.II] “(a) a MAC address,” ..................................................... 44
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`- ii -
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`
`
`f.
`
`e. [2.B.III] “(b) a unique identifier, wherein the unique
`identifier of each respective beacon transmission does not
`directly identify a location of a beacon transmitter, and” ........... 45
`[2.B.IV] “(c) a beacon service identifier, wherein the
`beacon service identifier of each respective beacon
`transmission identifies a wireless beacon service as
`opposed to identifying a communication network or a
`device accessible using the short range wireless protocol,” ....... 46
`g. [2.C] “causing selection of one or more of the unique
`identifiers from the second plurality of beacon
`transmissions, by filtering the beacon transmissions which
`include the same particular beacon service identifier
`indicating that the particular received beacon transmission
`is associated with the same particular wireless beacon
`service; and” ................................................................................ 46
`h. [2.D.I] “taking second further action relating to the stored
`information, if a second unique identifier is present among
`the one or more unique identifiers selected from the
`second plurality of beacon transmissions,” ................................. 47
`[2.D.II] “wherein the first unique identifier and the second
`unique identifier is are both associated with the same
`particular entity or object, and wherein the second unique
`identifier is not equal to the first unique identifier, and
`further wherein the received beacon transmissions
`including the first and second unique identifiers are
`received from a same transmitting device.” ................................ 48
`3. Claim 3 ................................................................................................ 49
`a. [3.A] “The method of claim 2 wherein the MAC address
`received in a beacon transmission including the second
`unique identifier is different from the MAC address
`received in a beacon transmission including the first
`unique identifier, but each such beacon transmission
`includes the same beacon service identifier, and” ...................... 49
`b. [3.B] “wherein a plurality of beacon transmissions
`including the particular service identifier and the first
`unique identifier are received in the first time period, and
`no beacon transmissions including the same service
`
`i.
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`- iii -
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`identifier and the second unique identifier are received in
`the first time period.” .................................................................. 51
`4. Claim 4: “The method of claim 3 wherein the second further
`action is based upon a function currently being performed on a
`device associated with the wireless beacon service.” ......................... 52
`5. Claim 5: “The method of claim 4 wherein the function is related
`to a current phone call, music being played, a video being
`played, a multi-player game, or a shared application.” ....................... 54
`6. Claim 6: “The method of claim 2 wherein the first or the second
`further action is related to receiving advertising information for
`presentation to a user of the wireless device, based upon the
`first or the second unique identifiers, or information derived
`from the first or second unique identifier.” ......................................... 54
`7. Claim 7: “The method of claim 2 wherein the first further
`action includes retrieving content from a server based upon
`information derived from either the first unique identifier or the
`second unique identifier.” ................................................................... 55
`8. Claim 8: “The method of claim 2, wherein the first or second
`further action includes sending a message to another device
`associated with an account related to the first and the second
`unique identifiers.” .............................................................................. 56
`9. Claim 10: “The method of claim 2 wherein the second further
`action includes preventing sending of the second unique
`identifier or information derived from the second unique
`identifier by the wireless device to at least one of the one or
`more servers.” ...................................................................................... 57
`10. Claim 12: “The method of claim 2 wherein the step of taking
`first further action further includes causing the wireless device
`to: send the first unique identifier or information derived from
`the first unique identifier to at least one of the one or more
`servers, and receive the stored information in response.” ................... 58
`11. Claims 13/14: “The method of [claim 1][claim 2] wherein the
`stored information is received [by] at the wireless device from
`at least one of the one or more servers prior to the performing
`of the first further action.” ................................................................... 59
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`- iv -
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`

`
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`12. Claim 15: “The method of claim 1 further comprising: using the
`stored information to determine if the first unique identifier is
`present among the first selected one or more unique identifiers.” ...... 59
`13. Claim 16: “The method of claim 2 wherein all beacon
`transmitter devices participating in the particular wireless
`beacon service have the same particular beacon service
`identifier.” ............................................................................................ 60
`14. Claim 18: “The method of claim 2 wherein one or more of the
`steps performed by at the wireless device are performed as a
`result of an application program executing on the wireless
`device.” ................................................................................................ 61
`15. Claim 19: “The method of claim 2 wherein the second further
`action is related to either a product tied to a location or an
`advertisement tied to a location.” ........................................................ 61
`16. Claim 22: “The method of claim 2 wherein the second further
`action includes allowing a user associated with the wireless
`device to be provided access to an object or device associated
`with the wireless beacon service.” ...................................................... 62
`17. Claim 23: “The method of claim 2 wherein the step of taking
`second further action additionally comprises: controlling further
`communications between the wireless device and at least one
`device or server associated with an entity or object in proximity
`to the wireless device.” ........................................................................ 63
`18. Claim 26: “The method of claim 2 further comprising: using the
`stored information to determine if the second unique identifier
`is present among the selected one or more of the unique
`identifiers from the second plurality of beacon transmissions.” ......... 65
`19. Claim 27: “The method of claim 1 wherein the MAC address is
`a randomly generated 48 bit number matching a format of a
`Bluetooth BD_ADDR.” ...................................................................... 65
`20. Claim 28: “The method of claim 3 wherein the short range
`protocol is derived from Bluetooth.” .................................................. 65
`21. Claim 29 .............................................................................................. 66
`a. [29.PRE] “A mobile wireless device comprising:” .................... 66
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`b. [29.A] “one or more radios for providing reception and
`transmission for each of a Bluetooth wireless protocol and
`a second wireless protocol; ......................................................... 66
`c. [29.B] “one or more processors; and” ......................................... 66
`d. [29.C] “one or more memory devices coupled to the one or
`more processors, the one or more non-transitory memory
`devices storing a set of instructions that when executed by
`the one or more processors cause the one or more
`processors to perform operations including:” ............................. 67
`e. [29.D] “receiving from a beacon transmitter, using the
`Bluetooth wireless protocol, a first plurality of beacon
`transmissions during a first time period, each of the
`beacon transmissions including (a) a MAC address, (b) a
`unique identifier, wherein the first unique identifier does
`not directly identify a location of the beacon transmitter,
`and (c) a beacon service identifier, wherein the beacon
`service identifier of each respective beacon transmission
`identifies a wireless beacon service as opposed to
`identifying a communication network or a device
`accessible using the Bluetooth wireless protocol;” ..................... 68
`[29.E] “receiving from one or more servers, using the
`second wireless protocol, stored information related to a
`entity or object associated with a first unique identifier;” .......... 68
`g. [29.F] “selecting one or more unique identifiers from the
`first plurality of beacon transmissions, by filtering the
`beacon transmissions which include a particular beacon
`service identifier indicating that a particular received
`beacon transmission is associated with the particular
`wireless beacon service;” ............................................................ 68
`h. [29.G] “taking first further action relating to the stored
`information, if the first unique identifier is present among
`the selected one or more unique identifiers;” ............................. 68
`[29.H] “receiving, by the wireless device, using the
`Bluetooth wireless protocol, during a second time period,
`a second plurality of beacon transmissions, each of the
`second plurality of beacon transmissions comprising three
`fields (a) a MAC address, (b) a unique identifier, wherein
`
`f.
`
`i.
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`- vi -
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`

`
`
`j.
`
`the unique identifier of each respective beacon
`transmission does not directly identify a location of a
`beacon transmitter, and (c) the beacon service identifier,
`wherein the beacon service identifier of each respective
`beacon transmission identifies a wireless beacon service as
`opposed to identifying a communication network or a
`device accessible using the Bluetooth wireless protocol;” ......... 69
`[29.I] “selecting one or more of the unique identifiers from
`the second plurality of beacon transmissions, by filtering
`the beacon transmissions which include the same
`particular beacon service identifier indicating that a
`particular received beacon transmission is associated with
`the same particular wireless beacon service;” ............................ 69
`k. [29.J] “taking second further action relating to the stored
`information, if a second unique identifier is present among
`the one or more unique identifiers selected from the
`second plurality of beacon transmissions, wherein the
`second unique identifier is associated with the same entity
`or object, and wherein the second unique identifier is not
`equal to the first unique identifier, and further wherein the
`received beacon transmissions including the first and
`second unique identifiers are received from a same
`transmitting device; and” ............................................................ 69
`[29.K] “wherein the MAC address received in a beacon
`transmission including the second unique identifier is
`different from the MAC address received in a beacon
`transmission including the first unique identifier, but each
`such beacon transmission includes the same particular
`beacon service identifier.” ........................................................... 70
`22. Claim 30 .............................................................................................. 70
`a. [30.PRE] “A computer program product for installation in
`a non-transitory medium in a wireless device, the
`computer program product comprising computer program
`instructions that, when executed by one or more
`processors in the wireless device, cause the wireless
`device to:” ................................................................................... 70
`b. [30.A] “process a first plurality of beacon transmissions,
`received at the mobile wireless device via a Bluetooth
`
`l.
`
`- vii -
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`

`
`
`protocol, each beacon transmission comprising three fields
`(a) a MAC address, (b) a unique identifier, wherein the
`unique identifier of each respective beacon transmission
`does not directly identify a location of a beacon
`transmitter, and (c) a beacon service identifier, wherein the
`beacon service identifier of each respective beacon
`transmission identifies a wireless beacon service as
`opposed to identifying a communication network or a
`device accessible using the Bluetooth wireless protocol;” ......... 70
`c. [30.B] “process stored information transferred from one or
`more servers to the mobile wireless device via a second
`wireless protocol, wherein the stored information relates to
`an entity or object associated with a first unique identifier,
`and wherein the second wireless protocol is different from
`the Bluetooth wireless protocol;” ................................................ 71
`d. [30.C] “select one or more of the unique identifiers from
`the first plurality of beacon transmissions, by filtering the
`beacon transmissions which include a particular beacon
`service identifier indicating that a particular received
`beacon transmission is associated with the a particular
`wireless beacon service; and” ..................................................... 71
`e. [30.D] “perform a further action, the further action relating
`to the stored information, if the first unique identifier is
`present among the selected one or more unique
`identifiers.” .................................................................................. 71
`VII. CONCLUSION ................................................................................................ 72
`1. APPENDIX A: U.S. PATENT NO. 11,443,344 CLAIM LISTING .............. 73
`
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`- viii -
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`

`
`
`TABLE OF AUTHORITIES
`
`CASES
`KSR Int’l v. Teleflex,
`550 U.S. 398 (2007) ........................................................................... 19, 24, 27, 59
`
`Ohio Willow Wood Co. v. Alps South, LLC,
`735 F.3d 1333 (Fed. Cir. 2013) ............................................................................. 5
`OTHER AUTHORITIES
`MPEP §2111.05 ....................................................................................................... 54
`
`
`
`
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`

`
`
`EXHIBIT LIST
`
`Exhibit Description
`1001 U.S. Patent No. 11,443,344
`1002
`Prosecution History of U.S. Patent No. 11,443,344
`1003 Declaration of Mark Lanning
`1004 Curriculum Vitae of Mark Lanning
`1005 U.S. Patent Application No. 2005/0250552 (“Eagle”)
`1006 U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2010/0138481 (“Behrens”)
`1007 U.S. Patent No. 7,590,086 (“Olkkonen”)
`1008 Bluetooth Special Interest Group, Bluetooth Core Specification Version
`2.1 + EDR (July 26, 2007)
`1009 Bluetooth Special Interest Group, Assigned Numbers (December 14,
`2002)
`(https://web.archive.org/web/20021214114356/http://www.bluetooth.or
`g/assigned-numbers/baseband.htm)
`1010 U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2002/0131445
`1011 U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2002/0174364
`1012 U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2005/0164717
`1013 U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2006/0165100
`1014
`Target Corporation v. Proxicom Wireless, LLC, IPR2020-00903, Paper
`2 (Petition for Inter Partes Review) (P.T.A.B May 8, 2020)
`Target Corporation v. Proxicom Wireless, LLC, IPR2020-00903, Paper
`31 (Final Written Decision) (P.T.A.B Nov. 8, 2021)
`Target Corporation v. Proxicom Wireless, LLC, IPR2020-00904, Paper
`2 (Petition for Inter Partes Review) (P.T.A.B May 8, 2020)
`Target Corporation v. Proxicom Wireless, LLC, IPR2020-00904, Paper
`30 (Final Written Decision) (P.T.A.B Nov. 8, 2021)
`Target Corporation v. Proxicom Wireless, LLC, IPR2020-00931, Paper
`2 (Petition for Inter Partes Review) (P.T.A.B May 15, 2020)
`Target Corporation v. Proxicom Wireless, LLC, IPR2020-00931, Paper
`30 (Final Written Decision) (P.T.A.B Nov. 8, 2021)
`Target Corporation v. Proxicom Wireless, LLC, IPR2020-00932, Paper
`2 (Petition for Inter Partes Review) (P.T.A.B May 15, 2020)
`Target Corporation v. Proxicom Wireless, LLC, IPR2020-00932, Paper
`30 (Final Written Decision) (P.T.A.B Nov. 8, 2021)
`Target Corporation v. Proxicom Wireless, LLC, IPR2020-00933, Paper
`2 (Petition for Inter Partes Review) (P.T.A.B May 15, 2020)
`
`1015
`
`1016
`
`1017
`
`1018
`
`1019
`
`1020
`
`1021
`
`1022
`
`- x -
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`

`

`
`
`
`
`1024
`
`1025
`
`1026
`
`1027
`
`1028
`
`1029
`
`1030
`
`1031
`
`Exhibit Description
`1023
`Target Corporation v. Proxicom Wireless, LLC, IPR2020-00933, Paper
`30 (Final Written Decision) (P.T.A.B Nov. 8, 2021)
`Target Corporation v. Proxicom Wireless, LLC, IPR2020-00934, Paper
`2 (Petition for Inter Partes Review) (P.T.A.B May 27, 2020)
`Target Corporation v. Proxicom Wireless, LLC, IPR2020-00934, Paper
`31 (Final Written Decision) (P.T.A.B Nov. 30, 2021)
`Target Corporation v. Proxicom Wireless, LLC, IPR2020-00977, Paper
`2 (Petition for Inter Partes Review) (P.T.A.B May 27, 2020)
`Target Corporation v. Proxicom Wireless, LLC, IPR2020-00977, Paper
`31 (Final Written Decision) (P.T.A.B Nov. 30, 2021)
`Target Corporation v. Proxicom Wireless, LLC, IPR2020-00978, Paper
`2 (Petition for Inter Partes Review) (P.T.A.B. June 1, 2020)
`Target Corporation v. Proxicom Wireless, LLC, IPR2020-00978, Paper
`10 (Decision Denying Institution) (P.T.A.B. Dec. 4, 2020)
`Target Corporation v. Proxicom Wireless, LLC, IPR2020-00979, Paper
`2 (Petition for Inter Partes Review) (P.T.A.B. June 1, 2020)
`Target Corporation v. Proxicom Wireless, LLC, IPR2020-00979, Paper
`33 (Final Written Decision) (P.T.A.B Nov. 30, 2021)
`Target Corporation v. Proxicom Wireless, LLC, IPR2020-00980, Paper
`2 (Petition for Inter Partes Review) (P.T.A.B June 1, 2020)
`Target Corporation v. Proxicom Wireless, LLC, IPR2020-00980, Paper
`32 (Final Written Decision) (P.T.A.B Nov. 30, 2021)
`Target Corporation v. Proxicom Wireless, LLC, Nos. 2022-1282, 2022-
`1283, 2022-1338, 2022-1339, 2023 U.S. App. LEXIS 24861 (Fed. Cir.
`Sep. 20, 2023) (nonprecedential)
`1035 Apple Inc., iPhone 3G Technical Specifications
`(https://web.archive.org/web/20080725084414/http://www.apple.com/ip
`hone/specs.html)
`1036 Apple Inc., iPhone User Guide for iPhone OS 3.1 Software
`(https://cdsassets.apple.com/live/6GJYWVAV/user/ma616_iphone_ios3
`_1_user_guide.pdf)
`
`1032
`
`1033
`
`1034
`
`
`
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`- xi -
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`

`
`
`MANDATORY NOTICES
`
`A. Real Party-In-Interest
`
`Petitioner Google LLC1 is a real party-in-interest to this proceeding under 37
`
`C.F.R. §42.8(b)(1).
`
`B. Related Matters
`
`A decision in this proceeding could affect or be affected by the following.
`
`1. United States Patent & Trademark Office
`
`U.S. Patent No. 11,443,344 issued from application no. 17/366,826, filed
`
`2021-07-02, and claims priority to the following applications:
`
`Application No.
`16/817,896
`15/271,410
`14/861,563
`14/472,477
`13/775,435
`13/212,723
`12/364,828
`61/095,359
`61/095,001
`
`Filing Date
`2020-03-13
`2016-09-21
`2015-09-22
`2014-08-29
`2013-02-25
`2011-08-18
`2009-02-03
`2008-09-09
`2008-09-08
`
`
`
`
`1 Google LLC is a subsidiary of XXVI Holdings Inc., which is a subsidiary of
`
`Alphabet Inc. XXVI Holdings Inc. and Alphabet Inc. are not real parties-in-interest
`
`to this proceeding.
`
`- xii -
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`

`
`
`The following patent applications claim priority to U.S. Patent No.
`
`11,443,344 and application no. 17/366,826:
`
`Application No.
`19/027,075 (pending)
`19/027,020 (pending)
`18/437,306 (pending)
`18/204,528
`17/942,197
`
`Filing Date
`2025-01-17
`2025-01-17
`2024-02-09
`2023-06-01
`2022-09-12
`
`
`U.S. Patent No. 11,443,344 is the subject of Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
`
`v. Secure Communication Technologies, LLC, IPR2025-01050, filed 2025-05-30.
`
`Petitioner is concurrently filing petitions for inter partes review of U.S.
`
`Patent Nos. 11,687,971 (application 17/942,197) and 11,344,918 (application
`
`15/217,410) and recommends assigning each case to the same panel.
`
`2. United States District Court
`
`a. Eastern District of Texas
`
`Secure Communication Technologies, LLC. v. Samsung Electronics Co.,
`
`Ltd., No. 2:24-cv-00484 (E.D. Tex.), filed 2024-07-03.
`
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`
`
`C. Counsel and Service Information - §§42.8(b)(3) and (4)
`
`Lead Counsel
`
`Service
`Information
`
`SMcKeown-PTAB@wolfgreenfield.com
` Elizabeth.DiMarco@WolfGreenfield.com
` VCheung-PTAB@wolfgreenfield.com
`
`Scott A. McKeown, Reg. No. 42,866
`
`Backup Counsel Libbie A. DiMarco (pro hac vice forthcoming)
`Victor Cheung, Reg. No. 66,229
`
`E-mail:
`
`
`
`Post and hand delivery: WOLF, GREENFIELD & SACKS, P.C.
`
`
`
`
`600 Atlantic Avenue
`
`
`
`
`Boston, MA 02210-2206
`
`Telephone: 617-646-8000
`Facsimile: 617-646-8646
`
`
`
` power of attorney is submitted with the Petition. Counsel for Petitioner
`
` A
`
`consents to service of all documents via electronic mail.
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`
`
`Petitioner requests inter partes review (IPR) and cancellation of claims 1-8,
`
`10, 12-16, 18-19, 22-23, and 26-30 (“Challenged Claims”) of U.S. Patent No.
`
`11,443,344 (EX1001, the “’344”).
`
`I.
`
`INTRODUCTION
`The ’344 is directed to a mobile communication architecture for “facilitating
`
`the exchange of information” between two wireless devices, each device
`
`employing short-range communication (e.g., Bluetooth) and long-range
`
`communication (e.g., cellular) wireless capabilities. EX1001, 1:5-24, 1:49-2:63. A
`
`first device may detect an identifier transmitted from a second device in short-
`
`range proximity and sends information identifying the second device to a server
`
`via long-range communications. EX1001, 1:49-2:4, 5:25-34, 5:57-67. Based on
`
`policy information stored at the server, the server may alert the first device to the
`
`second device’s presence with, e.g., the second device’s contact information.
`
`EX1001, 2:5-14, 6:7-14, 6:41-59, 6:60-7:8.
`
`This architecture of exchanging information between nearby devices and
`
`servers was claimed in earlier patents within the ’344’s family (all claiming
`
`priority to the same provisional applications) and previously cancelled by the
`
`PTAB as known in the art. As shown in the diagram below, a majority of the
`
`family’s earlier patents were challenged before the PTAB, and claims directed to
`
`- 1 -
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`
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`the device-server architecture were found unpatentable in all but one proceeding.2
`
`See EX1014-EX1033 (Petitions and Decisions in those IPRs). Unpatentability was
`
`further confirmed in the only two IPR proceedings appealed to the CAFC (from
`
`IPR2020-00931 and IPR2020-00933). See EX1034.
`
`
`2 IPR2020-00978 was not instituted because the petitioner there failed to show
`
`prior art modifying a second device’s identification information based on a
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`predetermined event. EX1029, 15-18. No analogous limitation is in the ’344.
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`The ’344 claims were prosecuted while the above-described IPRs were
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`pending, but the claims issued before final judgment (with appeals exhausted), to
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`include three overall concepts: (1) the short-range and long-range communications
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`architecture described above and found to be squarely in the prior art; (2) changing
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`device identifiers over time, also found to be in the prior art; and (3) filtering based
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`on short-range service identifiers. The PTAB already determined that the first two
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`features, in combination, were well-known—in Eagle (EX1005) and Behrens
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`(EX1006).3 Likewise, the PTAB has previously found that criteria-based filtering
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`of short-range communicated identifiers was also known.4 Patent Owner is
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`estopped from challenging here the PTAB’s findings regarding the same prior art
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`3 See EX1015, 7-8 and 15-34 (PTAB determining that Eagle anticipated claims
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`including a server receiving a unique identifier from a wireless device over a “wide
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`area link,” where that wireless device received the unique identifier from another
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`wireless device over a “local wireless link,” and transmitting information back to
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`the wireless device based on a policy); EX1031, 46-49 (PTAB acknowledging that
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`Behrens teaches using “a combination of UIDs” and that users may “exercise
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`control over which or how many UIDs are transmitted”).
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`4 See EX1015, 17, 24 (PTAB finding that Eagle discloses determining which
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`unique identifiers to send to the server); EX1033, 18-23 (PTAB determining that
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`prior art systems disclosed suppressing/filtering communications to servers where
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`unique identifiers were previously encountered).
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`teachings. Ohio Willow Wood Co. v. Alps South, LLC, 735 F.3d 1333, 1342 (Fed.
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`Cir. 2013) ( “Collateral estoppel protects a party from having to litigate issues that
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`have been fully and fairly tried in a previous action and adversely resolved against
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`a party-opponent.”).
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`As Patent Owner’s claims were being cancelled in previous IPRs,
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`continuation patents were pursued to switch its filtering criteria to a new but
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`existing parameter (service identifier) of Bluetooth/WiFi communications. The
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`addition of filtering for known Bluetooth service identifiers to the claims cannot
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`confer patentability because the reception of service identifiers and their use in
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`filtering search results was known in the prior art, as Olkkonen (EX1007)
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`illustrates.
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`Ground 1 explains how Eagle in view of Behrens renders obvious the same
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`short-range/long-range architecture and changing identifiers previously presented
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`to the PTAB—and Olkkonen renders obvious the “new” but trivial feature of using
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`a service identifier for filtering.
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`Accordingly, Petitioner requests that the Board institute IPR and cancel the
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`Challenged Claims.
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`II.
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`STANDING CERTIFICATION
`Petitioner certifies that the ’344 is available for IPR and that Petitioner is
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`neither barred nor estopped from requesting IPR of the Challenged Claims. 37
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`C.F.R. §42.104(a).
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`III. UNPATENTABILITY GROUNDS
`The Challenged Claims are unpatentable as follows:
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`Ground
`1
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`References
`Eagle in view of
`Behrens and
`Olkkonen
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`Claims
`1-8, 10, 12-16, 18-19, 22-23, 26-
`30
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`Pre-AIA Basis
`§103
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`
`The ’344’s earliest possible effective filing date is 2008-09-08. EX1001,
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`code (60). Each relied-upon reference is pre-AIA §102(b) and/or (e) prior art even
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`under the earliest 2008 filing date.
`
`Name
`Eagle (EX1005)
`Behrens (EX1006)
`Olkkonen (EX1007)
`
`Filing Date
`2005-05-05
`2008-04-30 (PCT)
`2004-11-03
`
`Issue/Publication Date
`2005-11-10
`2010-06-03
`2009-09-15
`
`
`
`The Declaration of Mark Lanning (EX1003, ¶¶1-251; “Lanning”) describes
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`the prior art’s scope and content at the time of the ’344.
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`IV.
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`’344 PATENT5
`A. Background
`The ’344 is directed to the exchange of information between two wireless
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`devices using short-range communications (e.g., Bluetooth/WiFi), with the aid of a
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`remote server using long-range communications (e.g., cellular). EX1001, 1:5-24,
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`1:49-2:63.
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`Fig. 2 (below) shows one implementation with devices 202 and 204 in short-
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`range communication, and device 202 and server 100 in long-range
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`communication. EX1001, 5:25-34.
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`5 Unless otherwise noted, all emphasis in the Petition (including figure annotations)
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`is added.
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`Device 204 is, for example, a device associated with a museum exhibit that
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`“transmits iden